American Samoa (U.S.)

Australia

Cook Is. (New Zealand)

Fiji

Guam (U.S.)

Kiribati

Marshall Is.

Micronesia

Nauru

New Zealand

Niue (New Zealand)

Norfolk I. (Australia)

Northern Mariana Is. (U.S.)

Palau

Papua New Guinea

Pitcairn Is. (U.K.)

Samoa

Solomon Is.

Australia & Oceania

Anguilla (U.K.)

Antigua and Barbuda

Bahamas

Barbados

Bermuda (U.K.)

British Virgin Is. (U.K.)

Cayman Is. (U.K.)

Dominica

Grenada

Jamaica

Seychelles

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago

Turks and Caicos Is. (U.K.)

U.S. Virgin Is. (U.S.)

Caribbean

Hong Kong S.A.R. (China)

East Asia

Guernsey (U.K.)

Ireland

Jersey (U.K.)

Malta

Montserrat (U.K.)

United Kingdom

Europe

Belize

Guyana

Latin America

Mauritius

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Sint Maarten (Neth.)

Tonga

Vanuatu

None

Canada

United States

North America

India

Pakistan

South Asia

Brunei

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Southeast Asia

Botswana

Cameroon

eSwatini

Gambia

Ghana

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Malawi

Namibia

Nigeria

Rwanda

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Sudan

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

A map shows countries where English is an official or de facto language. The countries are highlighted in red, and include United Kingdom, Canada, U S A, India, Australia, Nigeria, Sudan, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Papua New Guinea.

Countries where English is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

Countries

World

Ethnologue

English as Official or de facto Language

Mauritania

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Tunisia

United Arab Emirates

Western Sahara

Yemen

Southwest Asia and North Africa

Chad

Comoros

Djibouti

Eritrea

A world map shows countries where Arabic is an official or de facto language. The countries are highlighted in dark green and include Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Chad, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Somalia.

Countries where Arabic is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

Arabic as Official or de facto Language

Alaska

Northwest Territories

District of Columbia

Florida

Rhode Island

Nunavut

Maine

Nova Scotia

Virginia

Delaware

Texas

Louisiana

Hawaii

North Carolina

Oregon

Alabama

New Jersey

South Carolina

Massachusetts

Georgia

New York

Maryland

California

Global vulnerability to a 2-meter sea-level rise is shown with areas highlighted in blue and indicates regions at risk.

Areas vulnerable to a 2-meter rise in sea level

Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (2 m)

Coastal regions across continents are marked, indicating potential flooding hazards. In North America, significant vulnerable areas include the eastern seaboard, the Gulf Coast, and parts of Alaska and Canada. Central America shows risk in Mexico and the Caribbean coastlines, while South America has vulnerable zones along the coasts of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Argentina. Europe displays extensive risk along the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and Mediterranean coasts, affecting countries like the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, and Turkey. In Africa, vulnerable areas are mainly along the Mediterranean, West African coasts, and parts of the eastern coast near Kenya and Tanzania. Asia has numerous at-risk regions, including the coasts of Japan, China, India, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Australia’s vulnerable areas are primarily along the northern and eastern coasts, and New Zealand shows risk around its coastlines. Island nations like the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and various Pacific islands are also prominently highlighted, indicating significant vulnerability to sea-level rise. This map underscores the global scale of potential impacts from rising sea levels, emphasizing the need for adaptive measures in coastal regions worldwide.

ETOPO1

Arizona

Utah

Yukon

Idaho

New Hampshire

Vermont

Washington

Wyoming

Montana

North Dakota

Kentucky

Saskatchewan

Mississippi

West Virginia

Nebraska

Missouri

New Brunswick

New Mexico

Kansas

Wisconsin

British Columbia

Newfoundland and Labrador

Michigan

Alberta

Connecticut

Pennsylvania

Colorado

Nevada

Québec

Manitoba

Oklahoma

Tennessee

Ontario

Arkansas

South Dakota

Ohio

Indiana

Minnesota

Iowa

Illinois

A world map depicts seasonal precipitation from October to March across various regions globally, measured in inches.

Average precipitation between October 1 and March 31

Seasonal Precipitation, October to March

Areas with the least precipitation, ranging from 0 to 5 inches, are marked in lightest blue and include much of northern Canada (Brooks Range, Victoria Island, Baffin Island), Greenland, the Arctic regions, and the western United States (Colorado Plateau, Wyoming, North and South Dakota, Mexico), as well as central Asia (Iran, Pakistan, Part of India, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, China, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen), parts of the Middle East, northern Africa (Algeria, Libya, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Mauritania, Mali), and interior regions of Australia (South Australia, Perth).Regions with 5 to 10 inches of precipitation, shown in light blue, cover parts of central Canada (Saskatchewan, Manitoba), parts of the central United States (Montana, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico), central Europe (France, Germany, Poland, Belarus), northern Africa (Morocco, Tunisia), central Asia (Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan), southern Africa (Namibia, Botswana), and southern Australia (Victoria, Tasmania).Areas receiving 10 to 20 inches, highlighted in medium blue, include the central United States (Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma), parts of South America (central Brazil, parts of Argentina), northern Europe (United Kingdom, Denmark, southern Sweden), eastern Europe (Ukraine, Romania), the eastern parts of South Africa, western and southern China, northern India, and coastal regions of New Zealand.Regions with 20 to 40 inches, marked in blue, cover the southeastern United States (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia), the Amazon Basin in South America, parts of central Africa (Congo, Zambia), western Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy), the Indian subcontinent (southern India, Bangladesh), and eastern Australia (New South Wales, Queensland).Darker blue areas, indicating 40 to 80 inches of precipitation, include the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Washington, Oregon), parts of western South America (Andes regions in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil), Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Sri Lanka), parts of Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Malaysia, and the island of New Guinea.The highest precipitation, over 80 inches, represented in darkest blue, is found in the Pacific Northwest of the United States (northern California, Oregon, Washington), parts of Southeast Asia (Malaysia, western Philippines), and Papua New Guinea.

English as Official or de facto Language	Arabic as Official or de facto Language	Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (2 m)	Seasonal Precipitation, October to March
Value	Value	Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (2 m)	0-5	5-10	10-20	20-40	40-80	Over 80










		0.318%	57.3%	31.5%	23.5%	18.9%	7.15%	1.34%