American Samoa (U.S.)

Australia

Cook Is. (New Zealand)

Fiji

Guam (U.S.)

Kiribati

Marshall Is.

Micronesia

Nauru

New Zealand

Niue (New Zealand)

Norfolk I. (Australia)

Northern Mariana Is. (U.S.)

Palau

Papua New Guinea

Pitcairn Is. (U.K.)

Samoa

Solomon Is.

Australia & Oceania

Anguilla (U.K.)

Antigua and Barbuda

Bahamas

Barbados

Bermuda (U.K.)

British Virgin Is. (U.K.)

Cayman Is. (U.K.)

Dominica

Grenada

Jamaica

Seychelles

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago

Turks and Caicos Is. (U.K.)

U.S. Virgin Is. (U.S.)

Caribbean

Hong Kong S.A.R. (China)

East Asia

Guernsey (U.K.)

Ireland

Jersey (U.K.)

Malta

Montserrat (U.K.)

United Kingdom

Europe

Belize

Guyana

Latin America

Mauritius

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Sint Maarten (Neth.)

Tonga

Vanuatu

None

Canada

United States

North America

India

Pakistan

South Asia

Brunei

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Southeast Asia

Botswana

Cameroon

eSwatini

Gambia

Ghana

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Malawi

Namibia

Nigeria

Rwanda

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Sudan

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

A map shows countries where English is an official or de facto language. The countries are highlighted in red, and include United Kingdom, Canada, U S A, India, Australia, Nigeria, Sudan, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Papua New Guinea.

Countries where English is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

Countries

World

Ethnologue

English as Official or de facto Language

Cuba

Dominican Republic

Spain

Argentina

Bolivia

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guatemala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

Mexico

Equatorial Guinea

A world map shows the countries where Spanish is an official or de facto language. These countries are highlighted in light orange and include Spain, Central America, and the western region of South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Chile).

Countries where Spanish is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

Spanish as Official or de facto Language

China

Japan

South Korea

Russia

Eurasia

Italy

Portugal

Romania

San Marino

Switzerland

Ukraine

Brazil

A map shows the members and observers of the Latin American Integration Association (A L A D I). Countries in green, such as Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, are members. Countries in yellow, including Spain and Russia, are observers.

Member states of the Latin American Integration Association

ALADI

Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)

Alaska

Florida

Rhode Island

Washington

Nunavut

Maine

Nova Scotia

Virginia

Delaware

Prince Edward Island

Texas

Louisiana

Hawaii

North Carolina

New Brunswick

British Columbia

Newfoundland and Labrador

New Jersey

Massachusetts

New York

Maryland

California

Sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.

A composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.

English as Official or de facto Language	Spanish as Official or de facto Language	Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)	Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
Value	Value	Value	-0.25 to 0.25	0.75 to 1.0	1.0 to 1.25	1.25 to 1.5	1.5 to 1.75










			0.311%	1.20%	0.159%	0.444%	2.10%