Portugal

Europe

Brazil

Latin America

São Tomé and Príncipe

None

Timor-Leste

Southeast Asia

Angola

Cabo Verde

Guinea-Bissau

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

A world map shows the countries where Portuguese is an official or de facto language. These countries are highlighted in green and include Brazil in South America, Angola, and Mozambique in Africa.

Countries where Portuguese is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

Countries

World

Ethnologue

Portuguese as Official or de facto Language

Alabama

Alaska

Alberta

Arizona

Arkansas

British Columbia

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Manitoba

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Brunswick

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

Newfoundland and Labrador

North Carolina

North Dakota

Northwest Territories

Nova Scotia

Nunavut

Ohio

Oklahoma

Ontario

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Prince Edward Island

Québec

Rhode Island

Saskatchewan

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Yukon

Vegetable production in North America: Highest production (dark green) include California and Florida. Moderate production (light green) is in the Midwest and Southeast U.S. Lowest production regions are in Canada and the Central U.S. (light yellow).

Farmland used for vegetable production in North America

US / CA States

North America

USDA

Vegetable Production

Acres

The map shows the distribution of some of the world’s major hydroelectric dams and power-generating stations. In North America, these facilities are found in Canada in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and Labrador. In the United States, they are on major rivers in the Pacific Northwest (for example, the Columbia River), Arizona and Utah (on the Colorado River), and in the Northeast in New York (on the Niagara River between United States and Canada) and New England. In South America, dams generate hydro power in Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil (particularly on the Paraná River and its tributaries), and in Argentina on the Rio de la Plata and on rivers that flow from the Andes mountains. In Europe, major hydroelectric facilities are found in Portugal, Norway, France, Switzerland, Ukraine (on the Dnieper River), and in Russia (on the Volga and on rivers in Siberia, which is in Asia). In Africa, these facilities have been constructed on the Nile River in Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia and between Zambia and Zimbabwe on the Zambesi River. In Southwest Asia, hydroelectric dams generate power on the Euphrates River in Turkey, the Tigris in Iraq, and Iran’s Zagros Mountains. In Central Asia, Tajikistan has a hydroelectric dam. In South Asia, dams have been constructed on rivers in northern Pakistan; in India on rivers in Kashmir in the north as well as in several places in central and southern India; and in Bhutan. In Southeast Asia, these facilities are found in Laos and Vietnam and in Indonesia on the islands of Java and Borneo. In East Asia, southwestern and central China have numerous hydroelectric dams, and there are also a few in northern China. Japan has a major hydroelectric dam between Tokyo and Osaka. The map does not show any hydropower production for Oceania.

The world's primary regions for producing hydroelectricity at dammed river power plants

Hydroelectric Power Production

Global Energy Observatory

The map shows urban air quality in terms of micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter of air. For the purposes of this description, the five categories on the map are simplified to less 80 micrograms per cubic meter; between 80 and 200 micrograms per cubic meter; and more than 200 micrograms per cubic meter. In North America, there are several areas with multiple locations where air quality is less than 80 micrograms: in Canada, near Vancouver, British Columbia; in Alberta; and in southern Ontario and Quebec near the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. In the United States, areas with air pollution in this range occur in mainly in California and in the Midwest and Northeast. A few scattered locations in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean (Jamaica) also have pollution in this range. In South America, air quality less than 80 micrograms per cubic meter occurs in widely scattered locations, such as Caracas, Venezuela; Colombia; Ecuador; Bolivia; northern and central Chile; Buenos Aires, Argentina; and north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Most of Western and Central Europe have air pollution of less than 80 micrograms per cubic meter. Exceptions include Ireland, Portugal, and Scandinavia. (In Russia, air pollution is at this level in Moscow, but east of the Urals in Siberia, there are also sites that are more polluted—between 80 and 200 micrograms. Africa has relatively little air pollution of this type, areas less than 80 micrograms include Liberia, Tanzania, Madagascar, and South Africa (the area around Johannesburg). In Southwest Asia, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, and Cyprus have multiple sites less than 80 micrograms per cubic meter. However, Iran and the Persian Gulf states (Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates) have multiple sites between 80 and 200 micrograms, and Iraq and Bahrain have sites that are higher than 200 micrograms. Apart from Kabul, Afghanistan, which is higher than 200 micrograms per cubic meter, there are no countries in Central Asia that have poor urban air quality according to the criteria used here. In northern Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, there are cities with poor urban air quality—ranging from 80 to more than 200 micrograms per cubic meter. In southern India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, pollution levels range from below 80 up to 200 micrograms per cubic meter. In Southeast Asia, pollution in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Indonesia is generally less than 80 micrograms, except in the northern Philippines, where it is between 80 and 200. In the cities of southern and western China, pollution is less than 80 micrograms per cubic meter, except in far western Urumqi, which is between 80 and 200 micrograms. In eastern and northern China urban air pollution increases to between 80 and 200 micrograms. Mongolia has a few locations less than 80 micrograms per cubic meter and others between 80 and 200 micrograms. South Korea has numerous cities with pollution less than 80, whereas in Japan, Tokyo is the only city in this category. In Oceania, only New Zealand is identified as having poor urban air quality, with two locations on the South Island less than 80 micrograms per cubic meter.

Ambient (outdoor) air pollution levels represented by annual mean concentration of particulate matter smaller than 10 (PM₁₀), for cities of the world with more than 100,000 inhabitants

Portuguese as Official or de facto Language	Vegetable Production			Hydroelectric Power Production	Poor Urban Air Quality
Value	Class	Rank	Acres	Hydroelectric Power Production	Regina	Houston	Philadelphia	Oklahoma City	San Antonio	Boulder	Wichita	Portland	Irvine	Minneapolis	Boise	Winnipeg	Spring Hill	Greeley	St. Louis	Detroit	West Palm Beach	Columbus	Augusta	McAllen	Topeka	Las Cruces	Bakersfield	Oceanside	Reno	Indianapolis	Stockton	Baton Rouge	Glendale	Salinas	Trenton	Aurora	Modesto	Nogales	Rock Island	Fresno	Covington




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