Benin

Burkina Faso

Cabo Verde

Côte d'Ivoire

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Liberia

Mali

Niger

Nigeria

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

A map highlights E C O W A S members highlighted in blue. Some of the Countries are Mali, Niger, Senegal, Nigeria, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire.

Member states of the Economic Community of West African States, an organization founded in 1975 to promote economic integration among its members

Countries

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Members

Burundi

Kenya

Rwanda

Tanzania

Uganda

A map highlights East African Community (E A C) members highlighted in dark red: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania.

Member states of the East African Community, an organization founded in 1967 to create a common market and common currency among its members

East African Community (EAC) Members

Alaska

Arizona

Utah

Yukon

Northwest Territories

District of Columbia

Florida

Idaho

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

Washington

Wyoming

Nunavut

Montana

Maine

North Dakota

Kentucky

Nova Scotia

Virginia

Delaware

Prince Edward Island

Saskatchewan

Mississippi

West Virginia

Nebraska

Texas

Missouri

Louisiana

Hawaii

North Carolina

Oregon

New Brunswick

Alabama

New Mexico

Kansas

Wisconsin

British Columbia

Newfoundland and Labrador

New Jersey

South Carolina

Michigan

Alberta

Connecticut

Pennsylvania

Colorado

Nevada

Massachusetts

Georgia

New York

Maryland

Québec

Manitoba

Oklahoma

Tennessee

Ontario

California

Arkansas

South Dakota

Ohio

Indiana

Minnesota

Iowa

Illinois

None

A map shows areas of insolation (incoming solar radiation) across the world, categorized by watts per square meter.

Average annual levels of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface

Insolation

The map illustrates global insolation, showing variations in incoming solar radiation from the tropics to the polar regions. In the Northern Hemisphere, high insolation (220 to 280 plus watts per square meter), highlighted as dark green to dark red spans from northwestern Mexico through southern Texas, Florida, and the Caribbean, across the Atlantic to North Africa and Southwest Asia, with peaks in the eastern Sahara and Arabian Peninsula. In the Southern Hemisphere, high insolation areas stretch from East Africa to South Africa and across the Indian Ocean to most of Australia, with other high insolation zones in the Central Pacific and south-central South America. Middle insolation values (120 to 219 watts per square meter), highlighted as light blue to green, are found between 50 degrees north and 50 degrees south latitude, excluding high insolation regions. Low insolation areas (80 to 119 watts per square meter), highlighted as blue to light blue, are located north of the 50-degree lines to the poles in North America, the North Atlantic, and Eurasia, and around the Southern Ocean in Antarctica. The lowest insolation values (less than 80 watts per square meter), highlighted as dark blue, are in the ocean east of northern Greenland.

World

NOAA

Watts per square meter (W/m²)

Global temperature anomalies in degrees Celsius, with warmer regions in areas like the Arctic, parts of North America, Europe, and Asia and cooler regions in parts of the Southern Ocean and some equatorial regions.

The changing global surface temperature in degrees Fahrenheit since 1880 (when a reasonably global distribution of meteorological stations was established).

Global Temperature Change

Canada and parts of the North Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, a small part of the North Atlantic Ocean, a small part of the South Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and areas around the Antarctic Circle and north of the Indian Ocean show significant cooling (brown), with anomalies ranging from negative 0.82 degrees Celsius to negative 0.51 degrees Celsius. The United States, India, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Niger, Ethiopia, Nepal, Zimbabwe, small regions in northeast Japan and southeast of Japan, and a small area southeast of Guam exhibit a mix of slight cooling and warming (yellow to orange), with anomalies from negative 0.2 degrees Celsius to 0.49 degrees Celsius. Additionally, most of the ocean areas show temperatures ranging from negative 0.2 degrees Celsius to 0.49 degrees Celsius. Most of South America, along with some African countries such as Senegal, Nigeria, Gabon, Angola, and South Africa, and countries in Northern Africa like Algeria, as well as Kenya, and the extreme northern part of Africa, display anomalies from negative 0.5 degrees Celsius to 0.99 degrees Celsius (purple). Eastern countries including Indonesia, Vietnam, China, Japan, Guam, Papua New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand also show similar anomalies. Northern countries such as Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and some southern parts of Russia, regions around Iceland, and parts of Southern Asia also fall within this temperature range. Most of Western Europe, along with most parts of Russia (except the southern part), and some regions in the North Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean are experiencing temperature anomalies from 1 degrees Celsius to 1.99 degrees Celsius (blue). The northern region above Russia is experiencing significant warming with anomalies ranging from 2 degrees Celsius to 3.32 degrees Celsius (red). The temperature range of negative 0.82 degrees Celsius to negative 0.51 degrees Celsius is also observed in the Southern Pacific Ocean.

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Members	East African Community (EAC) Members	Insolation										Global Temperature Change
Value	Value	240–259	220–239	200–219	180–199	160–179	140–159	120–139	100–119	80–99	Less than 80	2.00 - 3.32	1.00 - 1.99	0.50 - 0.99	0.20 - 0.49	-0.20 - 0.19	-0.50 - -0.21

		13.3%	34.1%	49.4%	36.1%	40.7%	37.0%	24.4%	42.3%	44.7%	2.23%	3.69%	26.2%	54.6%	30.5%	36.3%	2.60%