Cook Is. (New Zealand)

Fiji

Kiribati

Micronesia

New Zealand

Niue (New Zealand)

Papua New Guinea

Samoa

Solomon Is.

Australia & Oceania

Antigua and Barbuda

Barbados

Cuba

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Grenada

Jamaica

Seychelles

Trinidad and Tobago

Caribbean

Afghanistan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Central Asia

China

Mongolia

Nepal

South Korea

East Asia

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Eurasia

Albania

Belarus

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czechia

Estonia

Greece

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Moldova

Montenegro

Northern Macedonia

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Ukraine

Europe

Argentina

Bolivia

Chile

Costa Rica

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guyana

Honduras

Nicaragua

Panama

Peru

Suriname

Uruguay

Venezuela

Latin America

Mauritania

Tonga

Vanuatu

None

Bangladesh

Maldives

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

South Asia

Brunei

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Timor-Leste

Vietnam

Southeast Asia

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Tunisia

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Yemen

Southwest Asia and North Africa

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cameroon

Central African Republic

Chad

Comoros

Côte d'Ivoire

Democratic Republic of Congo

Djibouti

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mozambique

Namibia

Nigeria

Rwanda

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

South Sudan

Sudan

Tanzania

Togo

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

A map highlights China's global expansion through the Belt and Road Initiative. Yellow regions include countries in Africa, South America, and Asia. Blue regions include Papua New Guinea and Cuba. Red regions includes Cambodia (China extension).

Countries that are part of China's Belt and Road Initiative and where China has or seeks military bases

Countries

World

Green Finance and Development Center, Newsweek, USIP

Chinese Foreign Expansion

Alaska

Northwest Territories

Florida

Rhode Island

Washington

Nunavut

Nova Scotia

Prince Edward Island

Texas

Louisiana

Hawaii

North Carolina

New Brunswick

British Columbia

Newfoundland and Labrador

New Jersey

Connecticut

Massachusetts

New York

Maryland

Québec

Manitoba

Ontario

California

A map shows marine sediment thickness in meters. Areas with the least thickness cover much of the North and South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The highest thickness is found in the Gulf of Mexico and parts of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Marine Sediment Thickness

Areas with the least sediment thickness, ranging from 0 to 149 meters, are marked in light orange and include vast stretches of the North Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and South Atlantic Ocean. These regions also encompass areas near the western coasts of North and South America, including the coastal areas of the United States, Mexico, Central America, and South American countries such as Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. The Mediterranean Sea, parts of the Indian Ocean, and areas surrounding New Zealand and the Philippines also fall within this range.Regions with sediment thickness ranging from 150 to 299 meters, shown in medium orange, are found in parts of the North Atlantic Ocean, particularly off the eastern coast of the United States and near the Caribbean, covering areas such as Cuba, Guatemala, and parts of Costa Rica. Other notable regions include parts of the western Indian Ocean near Madagascar and parts of the South Pacific Ocean.Areas receiving sediment thickness between 300 and 749 meters, highlighted in orange, cover significant portions of the North Atlantic Ocean, particularly near the eastern coast of Canada, Greenland, and Iceland. This range also includes parts of the North Sea near the United Kingdom and Norway, the Mediterranean Sea near Italy, Spain, and Greece, and the southwestern Pacific Ocean.Regions with sediment thickness from 750 meters to 1 kilometer, marked in dark orange, cover smaller sections of the world's oceans but include notable areas such as the eastern coast of North and South America and parts of the western Indian Ocean near Africa. It also includes areas near Arctic and Antarctic ocean.Light red areas, indicating sediment thickness from 1 to 2 kilometers, include regions of the North Atlantic Ocean, particularly off the eastern coast of North America, the Caribbean, and parts of the Mediterranean Sea near Spain and Italy.The highest sediment thickness, ranging from 10 to 18 kilometers, represented in dark red, is concentrated in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, off the southeastern coast of the United States, and parts of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Chinese Foreign Expansion	Marine Sediment Thickness								Total Debt Service (Percentage of Gross Nation Income)
Value	0 - 149	150 - 299	300 - 749	750 - 1,499	1,500 - 2,999	3,000 - 7,499	7,500 - 9,999	10,000 - 18,334	Class	Rank	Percent of GNI







	2.48%	0.624%	1.20%	0.714%	1.28%	1.44%	3.10%	0.344%