Cuba

Dominican Republic

Caribbean

Spain

Europe

Argentina

Bolivia

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guatemala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

Latin America

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

None

Mexico

North America

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

A world map shows the countries where Spanish is an official or de facto language. These countries are highlighted in light orange and include Spain, Central America, and the western region of South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Chile).

Countries where Spanish is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

Countries

World

Ethnologue

Spanish as Official or de facto Language

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

A map shows the electoral votes for the U. S. presidential election by state in 2008. The states won by Obama are highlighted in blue, while than won by McCain are in red. Some of the highlighted states are Blue: Washington, New York. Red: Alaska, Texas.

Electoral vote totals for the 2008 presidential election by state

US / CA States

U.S. National Archives

U.S. Presidential Election by State: Electoral Votes, 2008

Bermuda (U.K.)

Greenland (Denmark)

St. Pierre and Miquelon (France)

Canada

United States

A map of North American and the Artic showing the locations of native cultural areas.

Native American cultural areas by geography

Native American Culture Areas

Artic is located at the top of Canada, the west coast of Greenland and in island areas in between. California fills most of the state as well as Baja California in Mexico. Eastern Woodlands, Northeast extends from Tennessee and Missouri in the south, the Great Lakes and southeastern Canada to the North, and the entire east coast down to North Carolina. Eastern Woodlands, Southeast includes very small pockets along the U.S. southeast coast. Great Basin includes much of Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and Nevada, as well as eastern California and Oregon. Northwest coast includes island chains off Washington, coastal western Canada, and Alaska. Plains encompasses much of the center of the United States and Canada, extending from Edmonton to the north and San Antonio to the south. Plateau includes eastern Oregon and Washington, northern Idaho, and parts of southern Alberta and British Columbia. Southwest includes most of Arizona, New Mexico, southern Texas, and northern Mexico. Subarctic consists of most of northern Canada below the arctic circle.

World History Encyclopedia

Mauritania

Angola

Benin

Côte d'Ivoire

Ghana

Gambia

Niger

Senegal

Sierra Leone

eSwatini

Togo

Tanzania

Zambia

Burkina Faso

Cameroon

Ethiopia

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Madagascar

Nigeria

Chad

Uganda

South Africa

Zimbabwe

Democratic Republic of Congo

Eritrea

Mali

Sudan

A world map shows early Sub-Saharan states and empires, marked with blue shaded regions.

Empires of Sub-Saharan Africa prior to European colonization

Early Sub-Saharan States and Empires

The ancient sub-Saharan states and empires can be categorized into three clusters: western, eastern, and central and southern Africa. In the western cluster, major states included Mali in present-day western Mali and Senegal, Ghana in western Mali, and Songhai in Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. The Hausa states occupied regions in Niger and northern Nigeria, while Kanem Borno spanned Niger, Chad, northern Nigeria, and Cameroon. Closer to the seacoast, smaller kingdoms like Ashanti in present-day Ghana, Dahomey in Togo and Benin, and Ife/Oyo, Benin, and Nok in modern Nigeria thrived.In the eastern cluster, ancient states such as Darfur and Kush or Nubia were located in southwestern and northern Sudan, respectively. Axum and Abyssinia were prominent in northern Ethiopia. Bunyoro and Buganda were significant in what is now Uganda, while Swahili city-states emerged along the coasts of present-day Kenya and Tanzania.The central and southern African cluster included the Kongo near the coast of the modern Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola. Lunda spanned eastern Angola and adjacent parts of Congo, while Lozi covered eastern Angola and adjacent parts of Zambia. The Karanga/Mutapa state was in Zimbabwe, with Swazi and Zulu in eastern South Africa, and Merina in Madagascar.

Spanish as Official or de facto Language	U.S. Presidential Election by State: Electoral Votes, 2008	Native American Culture Areas									Early Sub-Saharan States and Empires
Value	Value	Arctic	California	Eastern Woodlands, Northeast	Great Basin	Northwest Coast	Plains	Plateau	Southwest	Subarctic	Early Sub-Saharan States and Empires


				44.7%
		12.9%	3.58%	9.59%	12.5%	0.334%	11.0%	2.15%	14.5%	33.5%
		0.585%								51.1%	12.8%
											18.7%