Brunei

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Vietnam

Southeast Asia

A map of A S E A N members highlighted in orange: Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea.

Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, an organization founded in 1967 to promote intergovernmental cooperation and economic integration among its members

Countries

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Members

Mauritania

None

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Tunisia

United Arab Emirates

Western Sahara

Yemen

Southwest Asia and North Africa

Chad

Comoros

Djibouti

Eritrea

Somalia

Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

A world map shows countries where Arabic is an official or de facto language. The countries are highlighted in dark green and include Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Chad, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Somalia.

Countries where Arabic is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

World

Arabic as Official or de facto Language

Angola

Benin

Côte d'Ivoire

Ghana

Gambia

Niger

Senegal

Sierra Leone

eSwatini

Togo

Tanzania

Zambia

Burkina Faso

Cameroon

Ethiopia

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Madagascar

Nigeria

Uganda

South Africa

Zimbabwe

Democratic Republic of Congo

Mali

A world map shows early Sub-Saharan states and empires, marked with blue shaded regions.

Empires of Sub-Saharan Africa prior to European colonization

Early Sub-Saharan States and Empires

The ancient sub-Saharan states and empires can be categorized into three clusters: western, eastern, and central and southern Africa. In the western cluster, major states included Mali in present-day western Mali and Senegal, Ghana in western Mali, and Songhai in Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. The Hausa states occupied regions in Niger and northern Nigeria, while Kanem Borno spanned Niger, Chad, northern Nigeria, and Cameroon. Closer to the seacoast, smaller kingdoms like Ashanti in present-day Ghana, Dahomey in Togo and Benin, and Ife/Oyo, Benin, and Nok in modern Nigeria thrived.In the eastern cluster, ancient states such as Darfur and Kush or Nubia were located in southwestern and northern Sudan, respectively. Axum and Abyssinia were prominent in northern Ethiopia. Bunyoro and Buganda were significant in what is now Uganda, while Swahili city-states emerged along the coasts of present-day Kenya and Tanzania.The central and southern African cluster included the Kongo near the coast of the modern Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola. Lunda spanned eastern Angola and adjacent parts of Congo, while Lozi covered eastern Angola and adjacent parts of Zambia. The Karanga/Mutapa state was in Zimbabwe, with Swazi and Zulu in eastern South Africa, and Merina in Madagascar.

nature

American Samoa (U.S.)

Australia

Cook Is. (New Zealand)

Fiji

French Polynesia (France)

Guam (U.S.)

Indian Ocean Ter. (Australia)

Kiribati

Marshall Is.

Micronesia

Nauru

New Zealand

Niue (New Zealand)

Norfolk I. (Australia)

Northern Mariana Is. (U.S.)

Palau

Papua New Guinea

Pitcairn Is. (U.K.)

Samoa

Solomon Is.

St. Helena (U.K.)

Tuvalu

Australia & Oceania

Anguilla (U.K.)

Antigua and Barbuda

Aruba (Neth.)

Bahamas

Barbados

Bermuda (U.K.)

British Virgin Is. (U.K.)

Caribbean Netherlands (Neth.)

Cayman Is. (U.K.)

Cuba

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Grenada

Haiti

Jamaica

Martinique (France)

Seychelles

St. Barthélemy (France)

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia

St. Martin (France)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago

Turks and Caicos Is. (U.K.)

U.S. Virgin Is. (U.S.)

Caribbean

Afghanistan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Central Asia

China

Hong Kong S.A.R. (China)

Japan

Macau S.A.R. (China)

Mongolia

Nepal

North Korea

South Korea

Taiwan

East Asia

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Russia

Eurasia

Albania

Andorra

Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czechia

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Gibraltar (U.K.)

Greece

Guernsey (U.K.)

Holy See (Vatican City)

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Isle of Man (U.K.)

Italy

Jersey (U.K.)

Kosovo

Latvia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Moldova

Monaco

Montenegro

Montserrat (U.K.)

Netherlands

Northern Macedonia

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

San Marino

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Europe

Argentina

Latin America

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Members	Arabic as Official or de facto Language	Early Sub-Saharan States and Empires	Chromium Production by Country
Value	Value	Early Sub-Saharan States and Empires	Class	Rank	Metric tons







		12.8%




		18.7%