American Samoa (U.S.)

Australia

Cook Is. (New Zealand)

Fiji

Guam (U.S.)

Kiribati

Marshall Is.

Micronesia

Nauru

New Zealand

Niue (New Zealand)

Norfolk I. (Australia)

Northern Mariana Is. (U.S.)

Palau

Papua New Guinea

Pitcairn Is. (U.K.)

Samoa

Solomon Is.

Australia & Oceania

Anguilla (U.K.)

Antigua and Barbuda

Bahamas

Barbados

Bermuda (U.K.)

British Virgin Is. (U.K.)

Cayman Is. (U.K.)

Dominica

Grenada

Jamaica

Seychelles

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago

Turks and Caicos Is. (U.K.)

U.S. Virgin Is. (U.S.)

Caribbean

Hong Kong S.A.R. (China)

East Asia

Guernsey (U.K.)

Ireland

Jersey (U.K.)

Malta

Montserrat (U.K.)

United Kingdom

Europe

Belize

Guyana

Latin America

Mauritius

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Sint Maarten (Neth.)

Tonga

Vanuatu

None

Canada

United States

North America

India

Pakistan

South Asia

Brunei

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Southeast Asia

Botswana

Cameroon

eSwatini

Gambia

Ghana

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Malawi

Namibia

Nigeria

Rwanda

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Sudan

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

A map shows countries where English is an official or de facto language. The countries are highlighted in red, and include United Kingdom, Canada, U S A, India, Australia, Nigeria, Sudan, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Papua New Guinea.

Countries where English is an official (or serves as a de facto) language

Countries

World

Ethnologue

English as Official or de facto Language

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (U.K.)

St. Helena (U.K.)

French Polynesia (France)

Tuvalu

Caribbean Netherlands (Neth.)

St. Barthélemy (France)

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Cuba

Uzbekistan

Central Asia

South Korea

Isle of Man (U.K.)

Netherlands

Cyprus

Estonia

Albania

Denmark

Greece

Croatia

Norway

Portugal

Chile

Ecuador

Honduras

Panama

Mayotte (France)

Guadeloupe (France)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands (France)

Falkland Is. (U.K.)

Faeroe Is. (Denmark)

Greenland (Denmark)

Heard I. and McDonald Is. (Australia)

St. Pierre and Miquelon (France)

New Caledonia (France)

São Tomé and Príncipe

Wallis and Futuna Is. (France)

Maldives

Bangladesh

Sri Lanka

Indonesia

Timor-Leste

Kuwait

United Arab Emirates

Qatar

Southwest Asia and North Africa

Comoros

Cabo Verde

Guinea-Bissau

Eritrea

Mean sea-surface temperatures shown using patterns of latitudinal bands extend roughly east to west. The coldest temperatures are shown in the northern latitudes. Temperatures warm as latitudes near the equator.

Average sea-surface temperatures between 1990 and 2020

Mean Sea-Surface Temperature

Sea-surface temperatures create latitudinal bands extending east to west, influenced by ocean currents and continents. In the tropics, temperatures range from 24.0 to 32.0 degrees Celsius; in the midlatitudes, from 8.0 to 23.9 degrees Celsius; and in higher latitudes and polar regions, from negative 2.0 to 7.9 degrees Celsius. Significant deviations occur along the Atlantic coast of western Europe, where temperatures are warmer than the east coast of North America at the same latitude, and along the Pacific coast of Canada, the Atlantic coasts of Canada and the northeastern United States, and the western coasts of South America and southern Africa, where waters are cooler than expected. The hottest ocean areas are between Indonesia and Australia (30.0 to 32.0 degrees Celsius), followed by tropical parts of the western Pacific and Indian oceans, and small areas along the coasts of West Africa and Central America (28.0 to 29.9 degrees Celsius).

Oceans

NOAA

Degrees Celsius (°C)

Japan

China

Russia

Eurasia

France

Argentina

Colombia

Peru

Brazil

Mexico

Thailand

Egypt

Democratic Republic of Congo

A world map shows megacities, highlighted by brown circles of different sizes. Some of the highlighted circles are: Largest circles are in Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai. Medium circles are in Cairo, Mexico, Sao Paulo. Smallest circles: Paris, Jakarta, Moscow.

The world's megacities, urban areas where single cities or clusters of cities have at least 10 million people

English as Official or de facto Language	Mean Sea-Surface Temperature																	Megacities
Value	-2.0 to 0.0	0.0 to 1.9	2.0 to 3.9	4.0 to 5.9	6.0 to 7.9	8.0 to 9.9	10.0 to 11.9	12.0 to 13.9	14.0 to 15.9	16.0 to 17.9	18.0 to 19.9	20.0 to 21.9	22.0 to 23.9	24.0 to 25.9	26.0 to 27.9	28.0 to 29.9	30.0 to 32.0	Hyderabad	Bangkok	Lima	Paris	Jakarta	Bogotá	Chennai	Moscow	Shenzhen	Bangalore	Rio de Janeiro	Lahore	Tianjin	Guangzhou	Manila	Kolkata	Buenos Aires	Lagos	Kinshasa	Karachi	Chongqing	Osaka	Mumbai	Beijing	Cairo	Mexico City	São Paulo	Dhaka	Shanghai	Delhi	Tokyo
		2.47%	12.1%									1.08%		100%	28.3%	17.7%	3.17%
												100%		36.7%	4.98%
								1.16%
	1.06%	100%	11.8%	7.96%	63.5%	7.48%	12.7%								10.1%	16.5%	29.2%
								1.33%			31.8%															1				1	1							1	1		1					1		1
																									1
		1.37%	1.54%	6.46%	3.58%	3.90%	1.32%	2.51%	1.50%	5.05%	3.20%										1
						1.53%	1.40%		1.91%						1.44%					1			1					1						1										1
																																											1
													2.13%		1.28%	100%		1						1			1		1				1				1			1					1		1
															2.36%	2.54%			1			1										1
											4.71%	1.13%																														1
													76.8%	1.22%	1.30%	100%																			1	1